Isendlalelo sangaphandle esinamathelako se-fungi namabhaktheriya, esibizwa nge-“extracellular matrix” nofana i-ECM, sifana nejeli begodu sisebenza njengesendlalelo esivikelako negobolondo. Kodwana ngokuya ngocwaningo lwakamuva kujenali iScience, olwenziwe yiYunivesithi ye-Massachusetts Amherst ngokubambisana ne-Worcester Polytechnic Institute, i-ECM yezinye iinlwana ezincani yakha ijeli kwaphela lokha nakune-oxalic acid nofana amanye ama-acid alula. Ngombana i-ECM idlala indima eqakathekileko kikho koke ukusuka ekujamelaneni nama-antibiotic ukuya emaphayiphini avalelekileko nokusilaphazeka kwemitjhini yezokwelapha, ukuzwisisa bona iinlwanyana ezincani zisebenzisa njani amalayini wazo we-gel anamathelako kunomthelela omkhulu epilweni zethu zangamalanga.

"Bengisolo ngithakazelela ama-ECM wama-microbial," kutjho u-Barry Goodell, uprofesa we-microbiology e-University of Massachusetts Amherst nomtloli omkhulu wephepha. "Abantu bavame ukucabanga nge-ECM njengesendlalelo sangaphandle esivikelako esivikela iinlwanyane ezincani. Kodwana ingasebenza njengendlela yokungenisa izakhamzimba nama-enzayimu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli weenlwana."
I-coating yenza imisebenzi eminengi: ukunamathela kwayo kutjho bona iinlwanyane ezincani zingahlangana ndawonye enze amakoloni nofana "ama-biofilms", begodu lokha iinlwanyana ezincani ezenza lokhu, zingavala amapayipi nofana zingcolise iinsetjenziswa zezokwelapha.
Kodwana igobolondo kufanele libe livuma: iinlwanyana ezinengi zikhipha ama-enzayimu ahlukahlukeneko namanye ama-metabolites nge-ECM, ziye ezintweni ezifuna ukuzidla nofana ukuzithelela (njengeengodo ezibolileko nofana izicubu zesilwane esinomgogodla), bese kuthi, lokha ama-enzayimu nasele aqedile umsebenzi wawo, umsebenzi wokugaya – abuyisele izakhi emuva nge-ECM.
Lokhu kutjho bona i-ECM akusiyo isendlalelo esivikelako esingasebenziko kwaphela; Kuhlekuhle, njengombana u-Goodell nabalingani bakhe batjengise, iinlwanyana ezincani zibonakala zinekghono lokulawula ukuqina kwe-ECM yazo begodu ngalokho ukungena kwayo. Bakwenza njani?
E-fungi, ukukhiqizwa kubonakala njenge-oxalic acid, i-organic acid evamileko eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eentjalweni ezinengi, begodu, njengombana u-Goodell nabalingani bakhe bathola, iinlwanyana ezinengi zibonakala zisebenzisa i-oxalic acid eziyikhiphako ukubophelela emalayini wangaphandle wamakhabhohayidrethi. ukwakha into enamathelako. , i-ECM efana nejeli.
Kodwana lokha isiqhema nasihlolisisako, sathola bona i-oxalic acid ayisisizi ukukhiqiza i-ECM kwaphela, kodwana “yayilawula”: lokha i-oxalic acid enengi ama-microbes afaka emhlanganisweni we-carbohydrate-acid, i-ECM iba namandla khulu. Lokha i-ECM nayiba yi-viscous khulu, ivimbela amamolekhyuli amakhulu bona angangeni nofana aphume e-microbe, lokha ama-molecule amancani ahlala atjhaphulukile ukungena e-microbe avela endaweni begodu ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ukutholakala lokhu kutjhijilela ukuzwisisa kwezesayensi kwendabuko kokuthi imihlobo ehlukileko yamakhompawundi akhutjhwa ziinkhunta namabhaktheriya angena njani eenlwaneni ezincani lezi emvelweni. U-Goodell nabangani bakhe baphakamisa bona kezinye izehlakalo iinlwanyana ezincani zingatlhoga ukuthembela khulu ekukhutjhweni kwamamolekhyuli amancani khulu ukuhlasela i-matrix nofana amathitjhu lapho iinlwana ezincani zithembele kizo ukobana ziphile nofana zitheleleke. Lokhu kutjho bona ukukhiqizwa kwamamolekhyuli amancani nakho kungadlala indima ekulu ekubunjweni kwamalwele nangabe ama-enzyme amakhulu angeze akghone ukudlula emzimbeni we-microbial extracellular.
"Kubonakala ngasuthi kunendawo ephakathi," kutjho u-Goodell, "lapho ama-microorganisms angakwazi ukulawula amazinga we-esidi ukuze atjhugulukele endaweni ethileko, agcine amanye wamamolekhyuli amakhulu, njengama-enzayimu, ngesikhathi avumela ama-molecule amancani bona adlule lula ku-ECM. "Ukuguqulwa kwe-ECM nge-oxalic acid kungaba yindlela yokuthi ama-microorganisms azivikele ema-antimicrobiotics, ngombana inengi lemithi le inamamolekhuli amakhulu khulu. Yikghono lokwenza izinto ngendlela oyifunako elingaba sihluthulelo sokunqoba enye yeenqabo ezikulu ekwelapheni ngama-antimicrobial, njengoba ukusebenzisa i-ECM ukwenza bona ibe ngcono kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-antimicrobials nama-antimicrobials.

"Nangabe singakwazi ukulawula ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziphilako nokukhiqizwa kwama-esidi amancani afana ne-oxalate kwezinye iinlwanyana, khona-ke singakwazi ukulawula nokuthi yini engena ngaphakathi kwamagciwani, okungasivumela ukwelapha ngcono amalwelwe amanengi wamagciwani," kutsho u-Goodell.
NgoNobayeni 2022, isazi sezinto eziphilako eziphilako u-Yasu Morita sathola isibonelelo esivela e-National Institutes of Health ukusekela irhubhululo ekugcineni ebelihlose ukuthuthukisa iindlela ezitjha, ezisebenzako zokwelapha isifo sofuba.

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