Amajini abandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwamasotja womzimba anamaphetheni wokuvezwa okungakajayeleki ebuchosheni babantu abaneemraro ezithileko zemizwa nezomkhumbulo, okufaka hlangana i-autism, ngokuya kwesifundo esitjha seenkulungwana zamasampula wobuchopho ngemva kokufa.
Emajini we-immune ayi-1,275 afundwako, ama-765 (ama-60%) bekavezwe khulu nofana phasi ebuchosheni babantu abadala abanemiraro esithandathu: i-autism, i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, ukugandeleleka, i-Alzheimer's disease, nofana i-Parkinson's disease. Amaphetheni wokuvezwa la ahluka ngokuya ngobujamo, okusikisela bona ngamunye une “amasayini” ahlukileko, kwatjho umrhubhululi odosa phambili u-Chunyu Liu, uprofesa wezamaphilo wengqondo nesayensi yokuziphatha e-Northern State Medical University e-Syracuse, e-New York.
Ngokuya ngo-Liu, ukuvezwa kwamajini wamasotja womzimba kungasebenza njengephawu lokuvuvuka. Ukusebenza kwamasotja womzimba, khulukhulu esibelethweni, kuhlotjaniswa ne-autism, nanyana indlela eyenzeka ngayo ingacaci.
"Umbono wami kukobana amasotja womzimba adlala indima ekulu emalwelweni wobuchopho," kutsho u-Liu. “Umdlali omkhulu.”
U-Christopher Coe, uphrofesa emeritus we-biological psychology e-University of Wisconsin-Madison, obekangabandakanyeki esifundweni, wathi bekungakghonakali ukuzwisisa ngocwaningo bona ukusebenza kwamasotja womzimba kudlala indima ekubangeleni nanyana ngibuphi ubulwele nofana ubulwelwe ngokwabo. lokhu kwabangela amatjhuguluko ekusebenzeni kwamasotja womzimba. Umberego.
U-Liu nesiqhema sakhe bahlaziya amazinga wokuvezwa kwamajini wamasotja womzimba ayi-1,275 kumasampula wengqondo ayi-2,467 ngemva kokufa, kufaka hlangana abantu abali-103 abane-autism kanye nabalawuli abali-1,178. Idatha itholwe emadathabeyisini amabili we-transcriptome, i-ArrayExpress kanye ne-Gene Expression Omnibus, kanye nezinye iimfundo ezavezwa ngaphambilini.
Izinga eliphakathi lokuvezwa kwamajini ama-275 ebuchosheni bezigulani ezine-autism lihlukile kulelo elisesiqhemeni sokulawula; Iingqondo zezigulani ze-Alzheimer zinamajini ama-638 avezwe ngokuhlukileko, kulandele i-schizophrenia (220), i-Parkinson's (97), i-bipolar (58), kanye nokugandeleleka (27).
Amazinga wokuvezwa bekahluka khulu emadodeni ane-autism kunabafazi abane-autism, begodu ubuchopho babantu abafazi abagandelelekileko bebuhluke khulu kunalawo wabantu abagandelelekileko. Iimeko ezine eziseleko azange zitjengise umehluko ngokobulili.
Amaphetheni wokuvezwa ahlotjaniswa ne-autism akhumbuza khulu imiraro yemizwa efana ne-Alzheimer's ne-Parkinson's ukudlula eminye imiraro yomkhumbulo. Ngokuhlathulula, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kufanele kube neempawu ezaziwako zobuchopho, njengokulahlekelwa ziimpawu ze-dopaminergic neurons ebulwelweni be-Parkinson. Abarhubhululi abakahlathululi isici se-autism.
"[Ukufana] lokhu kunikela ngenye indlela ekufuze siyihlolisise," kutsho u-Liu. "Mhlamunye ngelinye ilanga sizokuzwisisa ngcono i-pathology."
Amajini amabili, i-CRH ne-TAC1, gade atjhugululwa kanengi kiwo woke amalwelwe: i-CRH beyehliswa kiwo woke amalwelwe ngaphandle kwesifo se-Parkinson, begodu i-TAC1 yehliswa kiwo woke amalwelwe ngaphandle kokugandeleleka. Zombili izakhi zofuzo zithinta ukusebenza kwe-microglia, amaseli womzimba womzimba.
U-Coe wathi ukusebenza kwe-microglia okungakajayeleki "kungaphazamisa i-neurogenesis ejwayelekileko ne-synaptogenesis," ngokufanako kuphazamise ukusebenza kwe-neuronal ngaphasi kweemeko ezihlukahlukeneko.
Irhubhululo lango-2018 leencubu zobuchopho ngemva kokufa lathola bona amajini ahlotjaniswa nama-astrocytes nomsebenzi we-synaptic avezwa ngokulinganako ebantwini abane-autism, i-schizophrenia, nofana i-bipolar disorder. Kodwana irhubhululo lithole bona amajini we-microglial bekavezwa khulu eengulini ezine-autism.
Abantu abane-immune gene activation bangaba "nobulwelwe be-neuroinflammatory," kwatjho u-Michael Benros, umdosiphambili wesifundo noprofesa we-biological and precision psychiatry e-University of Copenhagen e-Denmark, obekangabandakanyeki emsebenzini lo.
"Kungaba yinto ethakazelisako ukulinga ukukhomba amaqembu angaba khona begodu uwanikeze imithi ethileko," kutsho u-Benroth.
Irhubhululo lithole bona inengi lokutjhuguluka kokuvezwa okubonwe emasampula wezicubu zobuchopho bekungakabi khona kumasethi wedatha wamaphetheni wokuvezwa kwamajini kumasampula weengazi zabantu abanesifo esifanako. Ukutholwa "okungakalindelwa" kutjengisa ukuqakatheka kokufunda ukuhleleka kobuchopho, kwatjho u-Cynthia Schumann, uphrofesa wezamaphilo wengqondo nezesayensi yokuziphatha e-MIND Institute e-UC Davis, obekangabandakanyeki esifundweni.
U-Liu nesiqhema sakhe bakha amamodeli wamaseli ukuzwisisa ngcono bona ukuvuvuka kuyinto ebangela ubulwelwe bengqondo.
I-atikili le yagadangiswa ekuthomeni ku-Spectrum, iwebhusayithi ephambili yeendaba zokurhubhulula i-autism. Dzubhula i-atikili le: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407