Mhlana amalanga ama-20 kuMrhayili 2023, i-Ejensi yokuVikelwa kweBhoduluko ye-US (i-EPA) yamemezela ukukhutjhwa komthetho ohlongozwako ngaphasi kweSigaba 6(a) se-Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) ovimbela ukusetjenziswa okunengi kwe-methylene chloride. I-EPA yaveza bona ukuhlolwa kwayo kwengozi okungakaqinisekiswa kwe-dichloromethane bekubangelwa ziingozi ezihlobene nabasebenzi, abasebenzisi abasebenzako (ama-ONU), abathengi, nalabo abaseduze nokusetjenziswa kwabathengi. I-Ejensi yokuVikelwa kweBhoduluko ikhombe ubungozi bemiphumela emimbi yepilo yabantu ngokuphefumula nokuvezwa kwesikhumba ku-methylene chloride, okufaka hlangana ubuthi bezinzwa, imiphumela esibindini, kanye nomdlavuza. I-EPA ithe umthetho wayo ohlongozwako wokulawulwa kwengozi "uzokwehlisa msinyana" ukukhiqizwa kwe-methylene chloride, ukucubungula nokusabalaliswa kibo boke abathengi kanye nokusetjenziswa okunengi kwezebubulo nezokurhweba, okunengi kwakho kuzokufezwa ngokuzeleko kungakapheli iinyanga ezili-15. I-EPA yatjheja bona ekusetjenzisweni okunengi kwe-dichloromethane, izokuphakamisa ukuyivala. Ukuhlaziywa kutjengise bona ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-dichloromethane ezineendleko ezifanako nokusebenza kuhle ziyatholakala. Lokha umthetho ophakanyisiweko nawugadangiswa ku-Federal Register, isikhathi sokuphawula samalanga ama-60 sizokuthoma.
Ngaphasi komthetho ohlongozwako ngaphasi kwesigaba 6(b) se-TSCA, i-EPA inqume bona i-methylene chloride ibeka ingozi engazwakaliko yokulimala epilweni, kungakaqalwa iindleko namkha ezinye izinto ezingasizo zengozi, okufakahlangana ubungozi obungakafaneli ebujameni bokusetjenziswa (i-COU) kilabo abakhonjwe njengalabo abangaba sengozini namkha abasengozini yokuhlolwa kwe-methylene chloride 2020. Ukuqeda ubungozi obungazwakaliko, i-EPA itusa, ngokuya kweSigaba 6(a) se-TSCA:
I-EPA ithi woke ama-TSCA COU we-dichloromethane (ngaphandle kokusetjenziswa kwawo emapendeni wabathengi kanye nama-paint removers, asebenza ngokwehlukana ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Section 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, March 27, 2019)) angaphasi kwesipho. Ngokuya kwe-EPA, i-TSCA ihlathulula ama-COU njengeemeko ezilindelweko, ezaziwako, nofana ezibonwa ngaphambilini lapho ikhemikhali ikhiqizwa khona, isetjenziswe, isabalaliswe, isetjenziswe, nofana ilahlwa ngeenhloso zezokuthengisa. I-EPA ibawa umphakathi bona uphawule ngezinto ezihlukahlukeneko zesiphakamiso.
Ngokuya kwesitatimende seendaba se-EPA, i-EPA ibonisane ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (i-OSHA) ekuthuthukiseni umthetho ophakanyisiweko "begodu yacabangela iimfuneko ze-OSHA ezikhona ekuthuthukiseni ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi okuphakanyisiweko." iimfuneko zokuqeda ubungozi obungenangqondo. Abaqatjhi bazokuba nomnyaka owodwa wokuthobela i-WCPP ngemva kobana i-EPA ikhuphe imithetho yokugcina yokulawula ubungozi begodu bazokutlhogeka bona bagade iindawo zabo zokusebenza qobe ukuqinisekisa bona abasebenzi abavezwa ku-methylene chloride, okungaba yingozi engakafaneli.
I-EPA "ibiza umphakathi bona ubuyekeze umthetho ophakanyisiweko begodu unikele ngemibono yabo." I-EPA ithe "inekareko khulu yokuzwa imibono yeenhlangano ezitlhogekako ukusebenzisa ihlelo eliphakanyisiweko malungana nokukghonakala nokusebenza kweemfuneko eziphakanyisiweko zokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi." I-EPA, izokubamba i-webinar evulekileko yabaqatjhi nabasebenzi emavikini azako, "kodwana izokuba lisizo kibo boke abafuna umbono jikelele weenjamiso eziphakanyisiweko zokulawula ukukhuluma ngamahlelo ahlongozwayo." .
U-Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) ubikezela indlela ye-EPA ehlongozwayo yeendlela zokulawula i-methylene chloride kanye neendlela ezikulu zokulawula. Umthetho ophakanyisiweko we-EPA uhambisana neencomo zawo emthethweni ophakanyisiweko wokulawulwa kwengozi ye-chrysotile, okufaka hlangana iindlela eziphakanyisiweko zokulawula ukuvimbela ukusetjenziswa, ezinye iindlela eziqakathekileko zokulawula zokusetjenziswa kwesikhathi esilinganiselweko ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Section 6(g) (isib., ukuphepha kwelizwe kanye nomthangalasiseko oqakathekileko) kanye neencomo zamanje zokuvezwa kwamakhemikhali (EC) ezingaphasi khulu kwemikhawulo yamanje yomsebenzi imikhawulo yokuvezwa. Ngezansi, sifingqa iindaba ezimbalwa amalunga womphakathi olawulwako okufanele azicabangele lokha nakalungiselela ukuphawula komphakathi ngemithetho ephakanyisiweko, begodu sikhumbuza woke umuntu ngokuqakatheka kokuthintana ne-EPA ekuthomeni kwemizamo engalawulwako ukunikela ilwazi ngomsebenzi olawulwako ebujamweni obunjalo. Imithetho, kufaka hlangana i-TSCA.
Ngokuya ngomthethomgomo omutjha we-EPA ngendlela "yamakhemikhali woke", asimangali ukubona bona isenzo sokulawula esiphakanyisiweko se-EPA "kuvimbela ukusetjenziswa kwe-dichloromethane emabubulweni nakwezokuthengisa." Kodwana, i-EPA inikela ngenye indlela ekulu yokulawula ukuvumela ukusetjenziswa okuthileko okuvinjelweko bona kuragele phambili ngokuya ngokuthobela i-WCPP. Sikhuluma ngalokhu ngombana iSigaba 6(a) se-TSCA sithi i-EPA kufanele "isebenzise iimfuneko zokuqeda ubungozi obungazwakaliko ngezinga elitlhogekako ukwenzela bona ikhemikhali nofana ingxube ingasabeki ubungozi obunjalo." Nangabe i-WCPP ene-ECEL ivikela ipilo nebhoduluko, njengombana kukhuthazwa yi-EPA, kungabonakala ngasuthi ukuvinjelwa kokusetjenziswa okuthileko kudlula umthetho "wezinga lokutlhogeka". Ngitjho nanyana i-WCPP ivikela, ukuvinjelwa okukhona kokusetjenziswa kwabathengi kusafaneleka ngombana abathengi bangabhalelwa kutjengisa nokutlola ukuthobela iinqabo ezise-WCPP. Ngakelinye ihlangothi, nangabe indawo yokusebenza ingatjengisa begodu itlole phasi ukuthobela iimfuneko ze-WCPP, kungenzeka bona ukusetjenziswa okunjalo kufanele kuragele phambili nokuvunyelwa.
Njengengcenye yeemfuneko ze-WCPP, i-EPA yathi izokutlhoga "ukuthobela i-Good Laboratory Practice [GLP] 40 CFR Part 792′′. Iimfuneko lezi ziphikisana nemizamo eminengi yokutjheja indawo yokusebenza eyenziwa ngokuya ngamazinga we-Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (IHLAP) amazinga we-EPALP wokuhlolwa emsebenzini. ngokukhambisana nomyalo wokuhlola okhutjhwe ngo-2021, kodwana ingasi umyalo wokuvuma okujayelekileko.
Kodwana, ukuthobela i-TSCA GLP akutlhogeki esigabeni esitjha semikhawulo yokuvezwa kwamakhemikhali, lapho iindlela zokuhlaziya ziqinisekiswa lilebhu egunyazwe yi: American Industrial Hygiene Association (“AIHA”) Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (“IHLAP”). namkha elinye ihlelo elifanako elivunywe ngokutlola yi-EPA.
I-EPA ibawe ukuphawula ngezinto ezithileko zomthetho ophakanyisiweko, i-B&C ephakamisa bona amaqembu angaba nomthelela acabangisise. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-EPA ikhuluma ngegunya ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Isigaba 6(g) sokunikela ngokukhululwa kwesikhathi esibekiweko kwemibandela ethileko yokusetjenziswa njengeenqhema zeenqhema zeenqhema, begodu i-EPA ithi ukuthobela iimfuneko eziphakanyisiweko "kuzokuphazamisa khulu...umthangalasiseko oqakathekileko." “Sitjheja bona ukutjhiya lokhu kuzokufaka hlangana ukuthobela i-WCPP Ngokufanako, nangabe i-WCPP ivikela begodu isikhungo singathobela i-WCPP (isib. i-ECEL engapheliko engapheliko 2 iingcenye ngesigidi (ppm) kanye nomkhawulo wokuvezwa kwesikhathi esifitjhani (STEL) 16 iingcenye ngesigidi), ibizo libonakala lidlula iimfuneko zezamaphilo nezokuvikela ibhoduluko Sikholelwa bona kuzokusetjenziswa ukuvikeleka akwanele ukuqalana nobungozi begodu ukuvinjelwa kungaphazamisa khulu imikhakha eqakathekileko (isib., ukuvikela, ukuhlolisisa, ukugunyazwa nokuvinjelwa kwamakhemikhali (REACH), okuvimbela izinto eziyingozi ngitjho nanyana iindlela zokuphepha zivunyelwe kizo zoke iindlela. ikhanga kibo boke abantu, kodwana ngokubona kwethu, ayihlangabezani negunya leSigaba 6 se-EPA 'T.
I-EPA iveza iphepha lango-2022 elinesihloko esithi "Ukuhlola Ezinye Iindlela Zokusebenzisa I-Dichloromethane" (i-40 emthethweni ophakanyisiweko) kiwo woke umthetho ophakanyisiweko. Ngokuya ngalokhu kuhlola, i-EPA yathi "ikhombe imikhiqizo eneenthako ezinezinga elithileko lokuhlola ubungozi eliphasi kune-dichloromethane begodu ezinye iinthako ezinezinga lokuhlola ubungozi eliphezulu kune-dikloromethane (ref. 40)". Ngesikhathi sokuphawula lokhu, i-EPA ayikalayitjhi idokhumende le kuHlu lokuHlola lokuTjhugulula iMithetho, begodu i-EPA ayikayisebenzisi idathabeyisi yayo yezePilo nezeBhoduluko (i-HERO) ye-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kokuhlola imininingwana yomtlolo lo, akukghonakali ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwezinye iindlela zokusetjenziswa ngamunye. Ezinye iindlela zokukhipha ipende zingase zingasebenzi njengeensombululo, njengalezo ezisetjenziselwa ukuhlanza iingcenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi eemphaphamtjhini.
Sikhulume ngokutlhogeka kwemibhalo ngehla ngombana iinhlangano ezithintekako ngokuvinjelwa kwe-EPA okuphakanyisiweko zizokutlhoga ilwazi leli ukuthola ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinye iindlela, ukuhlola ubungozi obungaba khona bezinye iindlela ezifaneleko (okungaholela ekutheni kube nesenzo sokulawula se-TSCA esikhathini esizako), nokulungiselela umbono womphakathi. . Siyatjheja bona i-EPA ye-US ikhuluma ngeendaba ezinjalo "ezinye" emthethweni wayo ohlongozwako we-chrysotile, ofaka hlangana ihloso ye-US EPA yokukhandela ukusetjenziswa kwe-chrysotile kuma-diaphragms asetjenziswa embonini ye-chlor-alkali. I-EPA iyavuma bona "ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa ama-diaphragm ane-asbestos ekukhiqizeni i-chlor-alkali zinezinga eliphezulu le-perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) nayiqathaniswa nenani lamakhompawundi we-PFAS aqukethwe ema-diaphragm ane-asbestos," kodwana ayiqathanisi ezinye iingozi kanye nobungozi obungavela.
Ngaphezu kweendaba zokulawulwa kwengozi ezingenhla, sikholelwa bona ukuhlolwa kwe-Environmental Protection Agency ye-US kweengozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene ne-dichloromethane kusenezikhala eziqakathekileko zomthetho. Njengombana kukhulunywe ngakho kumemo yethu kaNovemba 11, 2022, i-EPA ihlala ibhekisela ekusebenziseni kwayo idokhumende ka-2018 enesihloko esithi “Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlaziywa Okuhlelekileko Ekuhlolweni Kwengozi Ye-TSCA” (“Umtlolo we-SR ka-2018”) njengesisekelo sokuphumelelisa iimbopho zayo. Iimfuneko zisebenzisa idatha yesayensi engcono khulu etholakalako nobufakazi besayensi njengombana kuvezwe esigabeni 26(h) kanye (i) se-TSCA ngokulandelana. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-EPA ithi emthethweni wayo ohlongozwayo we-methylene chloride ukuthi:
I-EPA iqala i-dichloromethane ECEL njengesayensi engcono khulu ekhona ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Section 26(h) ngombana ithathwe elwazini elitholwe ekuhlolweni kwengozi ye-dikloromethane yango-2020, okwaba mphumela wokuhlaziywa okuhlelekileko okwenziwako. ukuhlolwa ukukhomba nanyana ngimiphi imiphumela emimbi yezamaphilo. [dvweba]
Njengombana sitlole ngaphambilini, i-National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (i-NASEM) ibuyekeze idokhumende ye-SR ka-2018 ngesibawo se-EPA begodu yaphetha ngokuthi:
Indlela ye-OPPT yokubuyekeza okuhlelekileko ayitjengisi ngokwaneleko iqiniso, [begodu] i-OPPT kufanele iqale kabutjha indlela yayo yokubuyekezwa okuhlelekileko begodu icabangele ukuphawula neencomo eziqukethwe embikweni lo.
Abafundi bayakhunjuzwa bona i-TSCA Isigaba 26(h) sifuna i-EPA yenze iinqunto ngokuya ngesayensi engcono khulu ekhona ngokuya nge-TSCA Isigaba 4, 5, no-6, ezifaka hlangana amaphrothokholi neendlela ezifana nokubuyekezwa okuhlelekileko. Ukungezelela, ukusetjenziswa kwe-EPA komtlolo we-2018 SR ekuhlolweni kwayo kokugcina kobungozi be-dichloromethane nakho kubeka ukungabaza ekuthobeleni kwe-EPA iimfuneko zobufakazi besayensi ezibekwe esigabeni 26(i) se-TSCA, lapho i-EPA ihlukanisa njenge "ndlela yokuhlaziya ehlelekileko" yobufakazi nofana ngendlela yokuqunta. …”
Imithetho emibili ehlongozwa yi-EPA ngaphasi kwe-TSCA Section 6(a), okutjho i-Chrysotile ne-Methylene Chloride, ibeka imithetho yemithetho ehlongozwako ye-EPA yokulawulwa kwengozi yamakhemikhali ali-10 amakhulu aseleko i-EPA ecabanga bona abangela ubungozi obungakafaneli. Eminye imibono isetjenziswa ekuhlolweni kokugcina kobungozi. Amabubulo asebenzisa izinto lezi kufanele alungiselele ukuvinjelwa okuzako, i-WCPP, nofana ukukhululwa kwesikhathi esibekiweko okutlhoga ukuthobela i-WCPP. I-B&C itusa bona abathintekako babuyekeze umthetho we-methylene chloride, ngitjho nanyana abafundi bangasebenzisi i-methylene chloride, begodu banikele ngemibono efaneleko, baqaphela bona iindlela eziphakanyisiweko zokulawula ubungozi be-methylene chloride kungenzeka zibe yingcenye yamanye amazinga we-EPA wesikhathi esizako. umthethomgomo. Amakhemikhali anokuhlolwa kokugcina kobungozi (isib. 1-bromopropane, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-1,4-dioxane, i-perchlorethylene kanye ne-trichlorethylene).
Ukuziphendulela: Ngebanga lobujamo obujayelekileko bokubuyekezwa, ilwazi elinikelwe lapha kungenzeka lingasebenzi kizo zoke iimeko, begodu akukafaneli lithathwe ngaphandle kwesiyeleliso esithileko sezomthetho ngokuya ngobujamo bakho.
© Bergeson & Campbell, PC var Namhlanjesi = ilanga elitjha (); var yyyy = Today.getFullYear();document.write(yyyy + ” “); | Iimmemezelo zegqwetha
Ilungelo lokutlola © var Namhlanjesi = Ilanga elitjha (); var yyyy = Today.getFullYear(); idokhumenti.tlola(yyyy + ” “); JD Supra LLC